The machining principle of CNC turning parts is mainly based on the control of the CNC system, which guides the machine tool to perform automated machining accurately through computer programs. The following is a detailed explanation of the machining principle of CNC turning parts:
Firstly, the control of the numerical control system
Numerical control turning relies on a numerical control system, which consists of a computer, controller, servo system, and other components. The numerical control system can receive and process input machining programs and related parameters, and drive the main components of the lathe, such as the spindle and feed mechanism, through the servo system to perform cutting machining according to predetermined paths and parameters.
Secondly, the conversion between the workpiece coordinate system and the tool coordinate system
In CNC turning, the motion trajectories of the workpiece and tool are described relative to their respective coordinate systems. Therefore, the CNC system needs to convert the relationship between the workpiece coordinate system and the tool coordinate system in order to achieve the correct cutting trajectory. This process is usually automatically completed by the CNC system, ensuring coordinated motion between the workpiece and the tool through pre-set coordinate system conversion parameters.
Thirdly, calculation and compensation of cutting force
During the cutting process, the cutting tool will generate a certain cutting force on the workpiece, which will affect the accuracy and surface quality of the machining. The CNC system monitors the cutting force of the tool in real-time and compensates for the cutting force based on pre-set cutting force compensation parameters to ensure machining accuracy and surface quality.
Fourth, optimization of machining paths and trajectory planning
The selection of machining paths and trajectory planning in CNC turning have a significant impact on machining efficiency and quality. The CNC system optimizes and plans the machining path through optimization algorithms and trajectory planning algorithms to reduce cutting time, improve machining efficiency, and ensure machining accuracy and surface quality.
Fifth, the basic principles of turning machining
The basic principle of turning processing is to use the rotational motion of the workpiece and the linear or curved motion of the tool on the lathe to change the shape and size of the blank, and process it into a part that meets the requirements of the drawing. Turning machining is suitable for machining rotary surfaces, such as inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, inner and outer conical surfaces, end faces, grooves, threads, and rotary forming surfaces.
Sixth, the application and advantages of CNC turning machining
Numerical control turning machining has comprehensive characteristics such as high precision, high efficiency, and high flexibility, and is widely used in the machining of various components. It can adapt to the production needs of multiple varieties and specifications of small and medium-sized complex shaped parts, improving processing quality and efficiency. At the same time, CNC turning machining also has some compensation functions, such as linear interpolation, arc interpolation, etc., which greatly improves the machining efficiency and accuracy of parts and part assemblies.
In summary, the machining principle of CNC turning parts is a complex process involving multiple aspects. Through precise control of the CNC system, conversion between the workpiece coordinate system and the tool coordinate system, calculation and compensation of cutting forces, optimization of machining paths and trajectory planning, as well as the application of basic principles of turning machining, CNC turning machining can achieve high-precision and high-efficiency part processing.
